Those following paths outside the Vedic tradition.
, provide specific context for the groups mentioned for banishment: Gamblers ( manusmriti chapter 9 verse 225
Ultimately, Manusmriti 9.225 is more than a historical curiosity. It stands as a literary monument to an ancient vision of a perfectly ordered society, enforced by a king's power to exclude. Its journey from a directive on a king's duty to a flashpoint in debates about justice and inclusion reveals the enduring, and often uncomfortable, power of ancient texts to speak to the present. Those following paths outside the Vedic tradition
The on this specific verse
Individuals openly operating outside the established socio-religious, legal, and moral framework, challenging the underlying constitution ( Dharma ) of the state. Its journey from a directive on a king's
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: Members of heretical sects who do not follow Vedic traditions (sometimes identified specifically as Kṣapaṇakas in historical commentaries).