One might ask: can the scientific content of the Bṛhat Saṃhitā be verified? For its astronomical tables (e.g., solar ingress, lunar mansions), modern computation shows that Varāhamihira’s parameters approximate the mean motions of his era but contain systematic errors (e.g., an inaccurate tropical year length of 365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, and 30 seconds—off by about 3.5 minutes). However, verification in the historical sense means checking his consistency with his own sources. When Varāhamihira gives rules for constructing a sundial ( śaṅku ) or for predicting rainfall based on planetary conjunctions, these can be tested against his cited authorities. In several cases (e.g., Chapter 8 on omens), the predictions are tautologically tied to his astronomical framework; they are not empirically falsifiable but internally logical. Hence, internal verification succeeds as , not as empirical truth.
The Brhat Samhita, attributed to the renowned Indian astronomer and mathematician Varaha Mihira, is one of the most influential and comprehensive works on ancient Indian astrology, astronomy, and mathematics. Composed in the 5th century CE, this monumental text consists of 108 chapters and over 1,700 verses, covering a wide range of topics, including planetary movements, eclipses, omens, and portents. Despite its significance, the Brhat Samhita has faced criticism and skepticism regarding its authorship, date, and accuracy. This paper aims to verify the contents of the Brhat Samhita, attributed to Varaha Mihira, through a critical analysis of its mathematical and astronomical data. the brhat samhita of varaha mihira varahamihira verified