In Animal Liberation (1975), Singer does not argue for "rights" per se but for . Using the principle of utility (maximize pleasure/minimize pain), he contends that the capacity for suffering—not intelligence or species membership—is the moral baseline. Thus, causing pain to an animal for trivial human pleasure (e.g., gourmet taste) is unethical. However, Singer’s framework could permit animal use if the net welfare balance favored it, though he personally argues modern factory farming never does.
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Modern laboratories are legally and ethically bound to the 3Rs: Replacement (using non-animal alternatives like organs-on-a-chip), Reduction (using fewer animals per study), and Refinement (modifying procedures to minimize pain). 3. Entertainment and Wildlife Exploitation In Animal Liberation (1975), Singer does not argue
Asserts that animals have inherent rights to life and liberty. It generally opposes the use of animals for any human purpose—including food, clothing, and entertainment—regardless of how humanely they are treated. 2. Core Standards of Care However, Singer’s framework could permit animal use if