The book's central thesis is both simple and subversive: a communist revolution does not abolish the ruling class; it simply replaces the old one with a new one.
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By the early 1950s, Djilas grew disillusioned with the bureaucratic stagnation, privilege, and corruption of the Party elite. His increasingly public critiques led to his expulsion from the Party and eventual imprisonment. was written during this tumultuous period, famously smuggled out of Yugoslavia, and published in the West in 1957. 2. The Core Thesis: The Rise of the "New Class"
The impact of The New Class was immediate and profound. It was the first time a high-ranking communist leader had publicly explained his disillusionment with the system from within. It was later named one of the 100 most influential books of the latter half of the 20th century by the London Times Literary Supplement .