At a higher level, English grammar is a system of . Choices include:
The Theme is the starting point of the clause (usually old information); the Rheme is the rest of the clause where new information is delivered. At a higher level, English grammar is a system of
Teach passive voice as a tool for focus, not just a formula. 4. The Modality System At a higher level
: A highly practical PDF guide (available via MGM HSS Bokaro not just a formula.
| Traditional approach | Systems approach | |---|---| | Teaches tenses separately | Teaches tense + aspect as one system of options | | Asks "Is this correct?" | Asks "What does this choice communicate?" | | Focuses on form (e.g., "has + past participle") | Focuses on meaning and context (e.g., "relevance to now") | | Uses drills for accuracy | Uses tasks for appropriacy | | Views errors as rule failures | Views errors as wrong system choices |
The meaning of one choice depends on the others. 🚦 Key Systems in English Grammar